CBSE Class 10 history chapter 1 notes - The Rise of nationalism in Europe by learnturnx

CBSE class 10 history chapter 1 notes:-The Rise of Nationalism in Europe           

Introduction

In this chapter of class 10 history The rise of nationalism in Europe we will study about various aspects of chapter like French Revolution, nationalism in European countries like Great Britain,
ideas proposed by philosophers like Giuseppe Mazzini,Fredric Sorrieu, The age of revolution, Unification of Italy, Germany and U.K, Nationalism and imperialism,etc. These notes will help students of class 10 to quickly do a quick revision of the chapter for their exams. these notes for class 10 history are especially made for quick revisions for students who wants to enhance their performance in their board exams.  

Notes of chapter 1 history:-

French Revolution:- 

• French revolution started in 1789 and ended in the year 1791 with the establishment of constitutional monarchy system            
• A French artist Fredric Sorrieu visualized the world with democracy and social republics in his masterpiece                                                                                           
•  Fredric Sorrieu painted the masterpiece depicting that peoples of Europe and America marching in a long train paying salvation to the statue of liberty                                                                                                                               
• In year 1799 all political powers were ceased by Napoleon Bonaparte                                                                                                                           
• In 1804 Napoleon declared himself the emperor of the France and Napoleonic code or civil code was introduced by Napoleon Bonaparte                                                                                            
•   Napoleon was finally defeated at the battle of Waterloo in  1815 by four countries                PRAB(Prussia,Russia,Austria,Britain)                                                 
• treaty of Vienna signed in 1815                                                         

The Making of Nationalism in Europe :- 

• People of European countries had a desire to unify states on the basis of common culture and identities                                                   
• New tri-colour Flag                                                                                              
• New national anthem                                                                                
• Centralized  Administrative System                                                 
• Internal taxation system (custom duties) Abolished                             
• New system of weight and measure established                                   
• French became the one of the most common language 


The Aristocracy and The Middle class:-

• Aristocrats                                                                                     

      1.Landlords 
      2.Exempted from paying taxes 
      3.Were powerful in terms of social and                          financial conditions 
      4.A small group by numbers   

• The Middle class 

1. Majority of the population emerged with the growth of towns and cities                   
2. They were most educated educated class and gave rise to the nationalism              

• Liberals Society

1. liberals wanted a nation that tolerated all religion      
2. They opposed the uncontrolled powers of dynastic leaders                                                                                 
3. Liberals asked for the abolition of the restrictions imposed on the mobility of the goods and services                                                                                                                                             
4. Zollverein abolished the tariff barriers, reduced the number of currencies to two and promoted a network of railways to stimulate mobility                                                                                             

• A New Conservatism After 1815

people believed that system initiated by the Napoleon should be continued                                                                                     

• The Revolutionaries                                                            

     1. They had a commitment to abolish the Monarchy 

• Giuseppe Mazzini 

      1. He was known as the soul of the Italy 

      2. Born in Genoa in 1807

      3. Founded the young Italy in Marseillaises 

      4. Believed the unification of Italy

Giuseppe Garibaldi

      1.He is known as the Brain or Sword of the Italy

      2. He is also known as Bismark of Italy

The Age of Revolution 1830-1848

       1.In year 1830 The Bourbon dynasty king was overthrown

       2.Belgium broke down from Netherlands 

       3. Treaty of Constantinople in 1832 was signed 

       4.treaty of Constantinople declared Greek Independent from ottoman empire 

• The Romantic imagination and National Feeling 

       1.The movement that sought to develop nationalist sentiment among the people having same culture to unify state 

 2.Many philosopher like Giuseppe Mazzini proposed the idea of generating nationalist sentiments 



•    Hunger and Hardship Revolt  
        1.In most countries there were many peoples seeking for job but could not find it 


        2.In 1848 The National assembly of France proclaimed itself as republic and Louis Phillip was forced to relinquish power 


       3.In 1845 the weaver in Silesia led a revolt against contractors


•  Liberals Revolution 
       1.The revolution was led by the educated middle class 


       2. They demanded for the constitution and unification 


       3.Serfdom and bonded labour was abolished 


       4.On 18,May,1848 The German Parliament Frankfurt was established 

The Making of Germany and Italy

       1.Otto Van Bismarck fought three wars for the unification of Germany
       2.Kaiser William 1 became the king of Prussia(Germany)


       3.Unification movement led by Giuseppe Mazzini proved to be failed 


       4.Later Count Camillio de cavour with the help of Giuseppe Garibaldi led the movement 


       5. Victor Emmanuel II became the king of united Italy 



• Unification of England 

      1.In 1688 England became an nation state 


      2.'The United Kingdom of Great Britain' was formed by the Act of Union of 1707


      3.In 1801 Ireland was forcible taken by Britishers 

Visualization of nation 

      1. Allegory was introduced






       2.In France allegory was christened as Marianne and in Germany Germania was the allegory 

Nationalism and Imperialism 

      1. The Balkan nation comprises of present day -Albania,Croatia,Montenegro,Bulgaria,Romania.Greece,Bosnia,Slovenia,Slovenia,Serbia 


      2. People in these regions spoke different languages 


      3.European countries wanted to extend their boundaries on the basis of unification for people of same culture, so they wanted to have control over the Balkan Region 


     4. This led to the war between many European countries and ultimately led to the world war I.